1 Samuel 19:5

Authorized King James Version

For he did put his life in his hand, and slew the Philistine, and the LORD wrought a great salvation for all Israel: thou sawest it, and didst rejoice: wherefore then wilt thou sin against innocent blood, to slay David without a cause?

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיָּשֶׂם֩
For he did put
to put (used in a great variety of applications, literal, figurative, inferentially, and elliptically)
#2
אֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#3
נַפְשׁ֨וֹ
his life
properly, a breathing creature, i.e., animal of (abstractly) vitality; used very widely in a literal, accommodated or figurative sense (bodily or ment
#4
בְכַפּ֜וֹ
in his hand
the hollow hand or palm (so of the paw of an animal, of the sole, and even of the bowl of a dish or sling, the handle of a bolt, the leaves of a palm-
#5
וַיַּ֣ךְ
and slew
to strike (lightly or severely, literally or figuratively)
#6
אֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#7
הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֗י
the Philistine
a pelishtite or inhabitant of pelesheth
#8
וַיַּ֨עַשׂ
wrought
to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
#9
יְהוָ֜ה
and the LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
#10
תְּשׁוּעָ֤ה
salvation
rescue (literal or figurative, persons, national or spiritual)
#11
גְדוֹלָה֙
a great
great (in any sense); hence, older; also insolent
#12
לְכָל
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
#13
יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל
for all Israel
he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
#14
רָאִ֖יתָ
thou sawest
to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)
#15
וַתִּשְׂמָ֑ח
it and didst rejoice
probably to brighten up, i.e., (figuratively) be (causatively, make) blithe or gleesome
#16
וְלָ֤מָּה
properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and
#17
תֶֽחֱטָא֙
wherefore then wilt thou sin
properly, to miss; hence (figuratively and generally) to sin; by inference, to forfeit, lack, expiate, repent, (causatively) lead astray, condemn
#18
בְּדָ֣ם
blood
blood (as that which when shed causes death) of man or an animal; by analogy, the juice of the grape; figuratively (especially in the plural) bloodshe
#19
נָקִ֔י
against innocent
innocent
#20
לְהָמִ֥ית
to slay
to die (literally or figuratively); causatively, to kill
#21
אֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#22
דָּוִ֖ד
David
david, the youngest son of jesse
#23
חִנָּֽם׃
without a cause
gratis, i.e., devoid of cost, reason or advantage

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to 1 Samuel. The concept of salvation reflects the development of salvation within biblical theology. The divine name or title here functions within biblical literature contributing to the canon's theological witness to establish theological authority and covenantal relationship. The original language emphasizes the covenant name Yahweh, emphasizing God's faithfulness to His promises, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The historical context of the biblical period relevant to this book's composition provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The the cultural context of the biblical world would have shaped how the original audience understood salvation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

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